Primary biliary cholangitis-cause or association with psoriasis: a case report.

Primary biliary cholangitis is a chronic progressive cholestatic granulomatous and destructive inflammatory lesion of small intralobular and septal bile ducts that primarily affects women. The exact etiology of this disease has not yet been elucidated; however, it is believed to be the result of a combination of environmental triggers in genetically predisposed individuals. It can manifest itself simultaneously with, before, or after the onset of psoriasis and other skin autoimmune diseases. Standard treatment is ursodeoxycholic acid. A 65-year-old patient presenting with elevated hepatic laboratory findings that had persisted for several years and normal abdominal ultrasound was additionally diagnosed with primary biliary cholangitis after 2 years on a biological drug for psoriasis. She did not have other symptoms except elevated liver tests. The skin showed a strong response to biological therapy and treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid prompted lowering of liver enzymes. The skin was clear all throughout the treatment. This article emphasizes the importance of additional diagnostic workups in patients with psoriasis and elevated hepatic laboratory findings.

Granulomatous cheilitis in a patient after SARS-CoV-2 infection treated with antibiotics: a case report.

Granulomatous cheilitis or Miescher's cheilitis is a rare granulomatous disorder defined by recurrent lip swelling or edema of other facial soft tissues. Histopathology shows non-caseous granulomas and multinucleated giant cells. The exact etiology is unknown, although genetic background, immunological irregularities, and systemic or infectious diseases contribute to the onset of disease. There are no treatment guidelines. The usual treatment options include systemic or intralesional corticosteroids, a spectrum of antibiotics, and immunosuppressants. A 63-year-old patient presenting with lip swelling and simultaneous swelling of other facial soft tissues was diagnosed with granulomatous cheilitis. The symptoms occurred 3 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Initial treatment with systemic corticosteroids and antihistamines was inadequate. Here we report successful treatment with a combination of doxycycline and metronidazole.

Valproate-related erythrodermia with reversible encephalopathy: a rare but serious adverse reaction, case report.

Cutaneous adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are usually easily recognized in daily clinical practice when they manifest as a morbilliform or maculopapular rash within the first few weeks after introducing an AED. Valproate (VPA)-induced encephalopathy is a rare but serious complication, presenting with impaired consciousness, with or without hyperammonemia, normal liver enzymes, and normal serum level of VPA. A 2-year-old Caucasian boy with severe developmental disability and pharmacoresistant epilepsy presented with fever, generalized erythrodermia, and encephalopathy, which resolved after discontinuation of valproate. Sodium valproate (30 mg/kg/day) was introduced 5 months previously, as the third drug in combination with vigabatrin and levetiracetam, due to frequent daily seizures. The clinical condition of generalized erythrodermia and encephalopathy was recognized by the treating physician as a possible adverse reaction to VPA: with the Naranjo scale it was probably associated with VPA (six points) and possibly associated with vigabatrin and levetiracetam (three and two points, respectively). After valproate withdrawal, the patient recovered completely. This case is of interest because erythrodermia was a clue to the recognition of valproate-related adverse reaction with severe central nervous system involvement without hyperammonemia and with normal liver enzymes--a very rare occurrence.